師大寫作基礎班筆記Week4
主課程：形容詞子句（III、IV）
在上一篇提過形容詞子句可由關係代名詞（that, which, whose, who, whom）或關係副詞（where, why, when）開頭，同時介紹了第一類與第二類形容詞子句，也就是以關代作為主詞或受詞代替句子當中人事物的用法。今天的第三類與第四類形容詞子句延續上次，介紹的是關係代名詞在句子中可以扮演的其他角色，分別是：
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所有格關代whose，依據其在子句中的詞性又再分為：
a. whose作為形容詞子句中的主詞
b. whose作為形容詞子句中的受詞
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介系詞加上受格關代，關代作為介系詞的受詞
形容詞子句III-a：所有格關代whose作為形容詞子句中的主詞
限定修飾
- Opportunities are increasing for graduates whose degrees are in computer science.
非限定修飾
- The USA Olympic basketball team, whose team members are all NBA players, is considered to be invincible.
形容詞子句III-b：所有格關代whose作為形容詞子句中的受詞
這種用法主詞、動詞在句中的排列方式容易用錯，需要特別注意，受詞（whose）後首先接續的是主詞，接下來才是及物動詞。
限定修飾
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The citizens whose property the government had confiscated protested.
=> 受詞：whose property, 主詞：the government, 及物動詞：confisticate
非限定修飾
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Consumers’ Reports, whose research shoppers trust, publishes evaluations of all kinds of products.
=> 受詞：whose research, 主詞：shoppers, 及物動詞：trust
形容詞子句IV：介系詞加上受格關代，關代作為介系詞的受詞
本句型的介系詞來自子句中的不及物動詞，關代根據其代替的事物，人用「whom」，事情、動物用「which」，在限定修飾的用法下whom、which還可用that替代。
限定修飾
使用whom取代人
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The candidate **for whom I voted ** won the election.
=> for來自不及物動詞vote其後搭配的介系詞for，此為最正式用法
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The candidate whom I voted for won the election.
=> 可把介系詞移到他本來在不及物動詞後的位置，較不正式
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The candidate that I voted for won the election.
=> 關代可用that替代，較不正式
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The candidate I voted for won the election.
=> that可省略
使用which取代事情、動物
- She would never want to go back to the country from which she came.
- She would never want to go back to the country which she came from.
- She would never want to go back to the country that she came from.
- She would never want to go back to the country she came from.
非限定修飾
使用whom取代人
- Mayor Lee, for whom I voted, won the election.
- Mayor Lee, whom I voted for, won the election.
⚠ 逗點後不能使用that，故限定修飾只有上述兩種用法
使用which取代事情、動物
- I have received no response from the website’s online customer service, to which I sent my complaints.
- I have received no response from the website’s online customer service, which I sent my complaints to.